Informe de rotación electiva

El presente informe recupera la experiencia de trabajo y los aprendizajes alcanzados durante el proceso de rotación electiva en el tercer año de la Residencia Interdisciplinaria de Educación y Promoción de la Salud (RIEPS). En el mismo se presentan los objetivos de rotación; las actividades realizadas para alcanzar dichos objetivos; algunos obstáculos y dificultades; y se describen los principales aprendizajes y conclusiones. Además, se adjunta como anexo la evaluación realizada por la referente de rotación, Dra. María Cristina Chardon. La rotación electiva tuvo lugar en la Dirección General de Personas Mayores, dependiente de la Secretaría de Niñez y Desarrollo Social del Municipio de Quilmes, Provincia de Buenos Aires; y se desarrolló por un período de doce semanas, desde el 5 de abril hasta el 30 de junio de 2021. (AU)

Geospatial panorama of long-term care facilities in Brazil: a portrait of territorial inequalities / Panorama geoespacial das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos no Brasil: um retrato das desigualdades territoriais

OBJECTIVES: To map the number and geospatial distribution of Brazilian long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older adults. Additionally, we sought to highlight the relationship between these findings and the number of older people in the country's 27 Federation Units, demonstrating the growth of these facilities in the last decade. METHODS: This is a descriptive observational study, using secondary data, which was performed in 3 stages: 1) searching and consolidating national and subnational data from different sources and mapping LTCFs; 2) preparing a geospatial map using Brazilian postal codes; and 3) triangulating the number of facilities and of older people in each state and all 5 Brazilian regions. RESULTS: We found 7029 LTCFs in the country, mostly in the Southeast and South regions: São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul had the highest numbers of facilities while states in the North region represented only 1.12% of Brazilian LTCFs. Geospatial mapping highlighted that 64% of the 5 570 Brazilian municipalities did not have any LTCFs for older adults. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a large difference between Brazilian regions regarding the provision of long-term care.

OBJETIVOS: Mapeamento do número e distribuição geoespacial das Instituições de Longa Permanência para idosos (ILPI) brasileiras. Além disso, procuramos destacar a relação entre estes resultados e o número de pessoas idosas nas 27 unidades de da federação, exibindo o crescimento dessas instalações na última década. METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional descritivo, a partir de dados secundários, realizado em 3 etapas: 1) pesquisa e consolidação de dados nacionais e subnacionais de diferentes fontes e mapeamento de ILPI; 2) elaboração de mapa geoespacial utilizando o código de endereço postal do Brasil, e 3) triangulação do número de instituições com dados sobre o número dos idosos em cada estado e nas cinco regiões brasileiras. RESULTADOS: Encontramos 7.029 ILPI no país, principalmente nas regiões Sudeste e Sul: São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul tiveram o maior número de instalações, enquanto os estados da região Norte representavam apenas 1,12% das ILPI brasileiras. O mapeamento geoespacial destacou que 64% dos 5 570 municípios brasileiros não possuem ILPI para os idosos. CONCLUSÕES: Observamos uma grande diferença no Brasil em relação à prestação de cuidados de longa duração.

A puertas cerradas: La vejez en instituciones en Buenos Aires y el Interior: 1850-1950 / Behind closed doors: Old age in institutions in Buenos Aires and in the country: 1850-1950

Un aspecto clave de la historia de la vejez es el de la asistencia a los ancianos pobres, enfermos o sin familia, sobre todo durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX que constituyen la edad de oro del asilo de ancianos. Partiendo de esa constatación y de los principales problemas historiográficos involucrados, se propone como objetivo principal reconstruir la oferta de instituciones existentes y la proporción de personas atendidas. Para ello explora, en primer lugar las posibilidades y límites de las escasas fuentes estadísticas disponibles. En segundo término, propone una comparación exploratoria con el interior del país y con la asistencia a otros grupos de edad, en particular los niños. Tanto por la centralidad de los procesos históricos involucrados (crecimiento urbano, impacto de la inmigración, desarrollo de políticas sociales), como por la consecuente disponibilidad de fuentes, el caso porteño constituye el eje central de la indagación. (AU)

Homes for the aged: a study of a health region in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Lares para idosos: um estudo em uma região de saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: With the aging of the population, the demand for Homes for the Aged (HFAs) grows. OBJECTIVE: To analyze resources and population of HFAs and to check the fulfillment of the criteria from the national regulations. METHODS: Descriptive quantitative study including 11 philanthropic HFAs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to the responsible for the facility. RESULTS: The study comprised 318 workers and 522 elders. HFAs presented: some accommodations without private bathrooms (100%); external area and administrative office (72.7%); cafeteria and support room (54.5%); ecumenical room (36.4%); rooms with more than four beds (45.5%). The prevailing reasons for admission were brought by family member (69.2%); social vulnerability (36.4%). Death was the main reason for leaving the facility. The average age of elders was 76.8 years, 58.4% were women. The dependence grade was I for 31.1%; II for 33.9%; and III for 35%. Leisure and cultural activities occurred in 72.7% of HFAs. In 27.3% there were records of visits. Only 9.1% had cooperation from families. Available human resources were nurses (72.7%); physicians and nursing assistants (63.3%); physical therapists (45.5%); psychologists (36.4%); caregivers (27.3%); occupational therapists (9.1%). In 63.3% of facilities, workers carried out mixed activities. The costs were covered by retirement pensions, partnerships, and donations. The main obstacles were financial resources or dependence on donations and rigorous health surveillance or compliance with standards. CONCLUSION: The HFAs partially fulfill the national criteria, impairing the quality of care provided to elders.

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento do envelhecimento, cresce a procura por Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (HFAs). OBJETIVO: Analisar recursos e população de HFAs, verificando-se o cumprimento dos critérios da RDC nº 283/2005 da Anvisa. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa com 11 HFAs filantrópicas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário aplicado ao responsável pela unidade. RESULTADOS: O estudo envolveu 318 trabalhadores e 522 idosos. As HFAs apresentaram: alguns quartos sem banheiro (100%); área externa e sala administrativa (72,7%); refeitório e sala de apoio (54,5%); sala ecumênica (36,4%); quartos com mais de quatro leitos (45,5%). As razões de admissão prevalentes foram: idosos trazidos por familiares (69,2%) e vulnerabilidade social (36,4%). A morte foi a principal razão de saída. A idade média dos idosos foi 76,8 anos e 58,4% eram mulheres. O grau de dependência foi I para 31.1%; II para 33,9% e III para 35%. Atividades de lazer e cultura ocorrem em 72,7% das HFAs. Em 27,3% há registro de visitas. Somente 9,1% atuam junto às famílias. Os recursos humanos disponíveis foram enfermeiro (72,7%), médico e técnico de enfermagem (63,3%), fisioterapeuta (45,5%), psicólogo (36,4%) e cuidador (27,3%). Em 63,3% das unidades, trabalhadores realizam atividades mistas. Os custos são cobertos por aposentadorias, parcerias e doações. As principais dificuldades foram recursos financeiros ou dependência de doações e rigor da vigilância sanitária ou cumprimento de normas. CONCLUSÃO: As HFAs cumprem parcialmente aos critérios da Resolução, prejudicando a qualidade do atendimento aos idosos.

The importance of assessing the environment to determine the most suitable location for seniors' residences so as to adjust the supply to the needs.

Seniors' residences must be located in areas that foster the well-being of both residents and staff. This study is unprecedented in France. It uses the multi-criteria decision-making method to classify the environmental targets in priority order, according to the importance they are given by the people living or working on the premises as related to their proximity to the residence. The results are then integrated into a mapping of areas in which the targets are geolocalized, thus highlighting the most suitable zones. The data collected from interviews and from the mapping vary from one residence to another. Nevertheless they all clearly point to the importance of a territorial approach before planning the building of such residences.

Qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa conforme nível de institucionalização / Quality of life of elderly people as level of institutionalization

Introdução: Pesquisas apontam efeito negativo da institucionalização da pessoa idosa para a sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis diferenças na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa em lista de espera para residir em instituição de longa permanência (espera), residente em instituição (residente), e daquele que não está em lista de espera (não espera). Método: Estudo transversal. Entrevistados 50 componentes de cada grupo, pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade. Utilizados os instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença significativa em todos os domínios e questões do WHOQOL-BREF entre os três grupos, com médias do escore total de: 62,0±10,61, 44,1±13,63 e 68,8±7,07, respectivamente, para residente, espera e não espera. Importantes diferenças também foram identificadas na avaliação do WHOQOL-OLD. O escore total do residente: 60,4±9,88; espera: 48,5±12,15 e não espera: 68,5±7,90 (p<0,0001). Conclusão: A institucionalização não proporciona piora na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa, a percepção dessa qualidade de vida pode já estar comprometida quando se procura a institucionalização. (AU)

Introduction: Studies shows the negative effect of the elderly´s institutionalization on quality of life. Objective: To evaluate possible differences in the elderly´s quality of life on waiting lists for living in long-term institutions (waiting list), living in institution (resident) and that not in the waiting list (control). Method: Cross-sectional study. Fifty respondents in each group were paired by sex, age and education level. WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD instruments were used. Results: There was significant difference in all domains and issues of the WHOQOL-BREF among the three groups, with the mean total scores of: 62.0±10.61, 44.1±13.63 and 68.8±7.07, respectively for the resident, waitlisted and control groups. Important differences were also identified in the evaluation of the WHOQOL-OLD. The total score for the resident was 60.4±9.88, waitlisted: 48.5±12.15 and control: 68.5±7.90 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Institutionalization does not worsen the elderly's quality of life; the perception of this quality can already be compromised when seeking institutionalization. (AU)

Changes in the profile of Australians in 77 residential aged care facilities across New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory.

Objective Government expenditure on and the number of aged care facilities in Australia have increased consistently since 1995. As a result, a range of aged care policy changes have been implemented. Data on demographics and utilisation are important in determining the effects of policy on residential aged care services. Yet, there are surprisingly few statistical summaries in the peer-reviewed literature on the profile of Australian aged care residents or trends in service utilisation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the demographic profile and utilisation of a large cohort of residential aged care residents, including trends over a 3-year period. Methods We collected 3 years of data (2011-14) from 77 residential aged care facilities and assessed trends and differences across five demographic and three service utilisation variables. Results The median age at admission over the 3-year period remained constant at 86 years. There were statistically significant decreases in separations to home (z=2.62, P=0.009) and a 1.35% increase in low care admissions. Widowed females made up the majority (44.75%) of permanent residents, were the oldest and had the longest lengths of stay. One-third of permanent residents had resided in aged care for 3 years or longer. Approximately 30% of residents were not born in Australia. Aboriginal residents made up less than 1% of the studied population, were younger and had shorter stays than non-Aboriginal residents. Conclusion The analyses revealed a clear demographic profile and consistent pattern of utilisation of aged care facilities. There have been several changes in aged care policy over the decades. The analyses outlined herein illustrate how community, health services and public health data can be used to inform policy, monitor progress and assess whether intended policy has had the desired effects on aged care services. What is known about the topic? Characterisation of permanent residents and their utilisation of residential aged care facilities is poorly described in the peer-reviewed literature. Further, publicly available government reports are incomplete or characterised using incomplete methods. What does this paper add? The analyses in the present study revealed a clear demographic profile and consistent pattern of utilisation of aged care facilities. The most significant finding of the study is that one-third of permanent residents had resided in an aged care facility for ≥3 years. These findings add to the overall picture of residential aged care utilisation in Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? The analyses outlined herein illustrate how community, health services and public health data can be utilised to inform policy, monitor progress and assess whether or not intended policy has had the desired effects on aged care services.

'Growing Old' in Shelters and 'On the Street': Experiences of Older Homeless People.

Homelessness among older people in Canada is both a growing concern, and an emerging field of study. This article reports thematic results of qualitative interviews with 40 people aged 46 to 75, carried out as part of a mixed-methods study of older people who are homeless in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Our participants included people with histories of homelessness (n = 14) and persons new to homelessness in later life (n = 26). Interviews focused on experiences at the intersections of aging and homelessness including social relationships, the challenges of living on the streets and in shelters in later life, and the future. This article outlines the 5 main themes that capture the experience of homelessness for our participants: age exacerbates worries; exclusion and isolation; managing significant challenges; shifting needs and realities; and resilience, strength, and hope. Together, these findings underscore the need for specific programs geared to the unique needs of older people who are homeless.

The Untold Story of Being Designated an Alternate Level of Care Patient.

INTRODUCTION: Much of the research and policy reports on Alternate Level of Care (ALC) in Canada have focused on the impact ALC has on acute care services. To date, the experiences and opinions of those who must wait in hospital for alternate services have been largely absent from discussions. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted with patients and families designated as ALC in one urban and two rural hospitals in Atlantic Canada. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the data: a perception of normalcy, being old but not sick and anticipating relocation to another facility. CONCLUSIONS: ALC is an important issue for patients and their families. Policy directives aimed at addressing the causes and impacts of ALC, identification and provision of appropriate supportive care in the community and sensitivity to the impact of ALC for individuals designated as ALC are needed.

Impact of a fixed price system on the supply of institutional long-term care: a comparative study of Japanese and German metropolitan areas.

BACKGROUND: The need for institutional long-term care is increasing as the population ages and the pool of informal care givers declines. Care services are often limited when funding is controlled publicly. Fees for Japanese institutional care are publicly fixed and supply is short, particularly in expensive metropolitan areas. Those insured by universal long-term care insurance (LTCI) are faced with geographically inequitable access. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a fixed price system on the supply of institutional care in terms of equity. METHODS: The data were derived from official statistics sources in both Japan and Germany, and a self-administered questionnaire was used in Japan in 2011. Cross-sectional multiple regression analyses were used to examine factors affecting bed supply of institutional/residential care in fixed price and free prices systems in Tokyo (Japan), and an individually-bargained price system in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). Variables relating to costs and needs were used to test hypotheses of cost-dependency and need-orientation of bed supply in each price system. Analyses were conducted using data both before and after the introduction of LTCI, and the results of each system were qualitatively compared. RESULTS: Total supply of institutional care in Tokyo under fixed pricing was found to be cost-dependent regarding capital costs and scale economies, and negatively related to need. These relationships have however weakened in recent years, possibly caused by political interventions under LTCI. Supply of residential care in Tokyo under free pricing was need-oriented and cost-dependent only regarding scale economies. Supply in North Rhine-Westphalia under individually bargained pricing was cost-independent and not negatively related to need. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that publicly funded fixed prices have a negative impact on geographically equitable supply of institutional care. The contrasting results of the non-fixed-price systems for Japanese residential care and German institutional care provide further theoretical supports for this and indicate possible solutions against inequitable supply.

[Shared-housing arrangements for care-dependent persons. Legal frameworks and numbers in Germany]. / Ambulant betreute Wohngemeinschaften für Menschen mit Pflegebedarf. Versorgungsangebote und gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland.

BACKGROUND: Since the mid-1990s, supervised shared-housing arrangements (SHA; assisted living facilities) have developed as a specific type of small-scale living facility for elderly care-dependent persons with dementia in Germany, offering services different than those in residential care. Neither a uniform and binding definition of SHA nor reliable estimates concerning numbers currently exist. Since January 2013, SHA have been promoted nationwide in Germany by law. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study funded by the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds numbers as well as legal and financial frameworks of SHA in Germany were surveyed. RESULTS: As of February 2013, almost all German "Bundesländer" (federal states) have created special legal regulations for supervised SHA. The results of the present study show at least 1,420 SHA with 10,590 care places for adults in Germany. The regional distribution differs greatly. CONCLUSION: Supervised SHA are increasingly an established care offer among the various long-term care offers in Germany. Different care and support offers help ensure individualized and high quality care for elderly care-dependent persons with dementia.

[Home care and place of death for elderly people living in the remote islands of Japan. An examination on the presence of inpatient facilities].

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual status of end-of-life care for elderly people living in the remote islands of Japan, and whether the presence of inpatient facilities was related to the place of death, so as to obtain suggestions for constructing a system of end-of-life care. METHODS: The survey targeted caregivers (85 people) who cared for elderly people (aged 65 and over), who had been legally certified for long-term care, and who had died between April 2009 and July 2011 in five islands of Japan. Islands were selected from a list of remote islands specified in the Remote Islands Development Act and related laws. Using a mixed method embedded design, we conducted semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire that assessed the place and cause of the elderly patient's death, age at death, gender, and whether the patient or family members had requested that the patient be allowed to die at home. RESULTS: The proportion of elderly people who died at home in the group living on remote islands with no inpatient facilities was 39.0% (16 of 41 people), compared with 18.2% (8 of 44 people) living on islands with inpatient facilities. The difference was significant (P=0.029). Among the 24 elderly people who died at home, 6 died of cancer. Terminally ill cancer patients were released to die at home under three conditions: the caregivers could provide sufficient care, the visiting physician was present, and pain control was provided. It was also possible for elderly cancer patients to receive end-of-life care in remote islands that did not have inpatient facilities. In addition, among the elderly people who died at home in the remote islands, home care had been recommended by medical staff. CONCLUSION: It is important for professionals coordinating home care to understand the characteristics of diseases, perform early assessment of caregiver situations, and collaborate with medical staff.

Forced into exile: the traumatising impact of rural aged care service inaccessibility.

INTRODUCTION: The shortage of residential aged care places is especially acute in rural areas and this results in many older people who live in these areas being forced to leave their home communities to access care in distant communities. This article reports on one aspect of a larger study that explored family and caring community members' experiences when someone they cared for needed to access residential aged care away from their rural communities. METHODS: This qualitative research project, informed by phenomenology, was conducted in rural communities of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Participants were recruited from media coverage of the proposed research. Indepth interviews were conducted, audiotaped and transcribed. Thematic analysis was undertaken by two researchers independently analysing the themes and then cross-checking these to ensure their strength. RESULTS: The 21 interviews conducted revealed that inaccessibility of residential aged care places caused many to experience loss, loneliness and a sense of social disconnectedness. The affected rural older person is exiled from their home community only to return to be buried. There are implications for the family and the rural community who are distanced by kilometres, transport and finances and, more significantly, by the emotional ties that bind families, friends and communities. CONCLUSION: The participants whose experiences were explored in this article described a sense of being in exile when residential aged care services are inaccessible in their local communities. The sense of exile is felt not only by the person moving away but also by their family, friends and neighbours. For this reason, rural residential aged care service delivery should be based on the identified needs of the older person and those who love and care for them.

The dementia care building crisis.

Martin Habell is an architect specializing in dementia environments. He argues that even with good caring staff, current care homes are often unfit for purpose and the UK has to embark on a massive building programme to meet a tidal wave of need

Care for people with dementia in Slovenia.

The number of patients with dementia in Slovenia will increase 33% in the next ten years. Unfortunately, networks offering different activities for demented patients are still insufficiently developed, although in the last ten years a significant improvement has been observed in all areas of care (diagnosis, treatment, day care centres, nursing homes, and non-governmental organizations). The article provides a short overview of developing care for persons with dementia in Slovenia.